Plenty of weeds were found throughout the cemetery.  Unfortunately, we were not able to get far in Potter's Field where in some places the weeds are higher than the markers.

Two LDS church members de-weeding by the front gate.

One of six trash bag sites collected that day.

The main crew of Clampers that organized the clean up on October 12, 2024 taking a funny pose for MCPA.  Thank you, E. Clampus Vitas for providing plenty of food and beverages to cover breakfast and lunch.

Thanks to E. Clampus Vitas for asking the MCPA to help in the October 2023 cemetery clean up.  MCPA brought in over 40 volunteers that day.  The Clampers supplied all volunteers with donuts, coffee, soda, bottled water, and lunch.  

Ed Morken reached out to us in November 2023 to see how to go about getting a headstone placed in his grandparent's lot.  With a little help from us and the past City Recreation Coordinator, Christian, we were able to answer his call.  Joseph Palmer was out there to see it placed in 2024.

​​This column is different than our previous submissions for instead of an Alhambra Pioneer Cemetery decedent’s bio or focusing on its history, we will be addressing the folklore contributed to one of its residents - Eliza Nottingham. She is alleged to have saved “Abe” when he was a little boy after he fell into a creek and almost drowned. However, two others are also purported for the same incident. So here are the facts that we have uncovered…

Abraham Lincoln, our 16th President, was born February 12, 1809 to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks on their Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky. His family, including his older sister Sarah, moved to their Knob Creek Farm, also near Hodgenville when Abe was two. They lived there for the next five years before moving to Indiana and it was here that Abe’s near drowning occurred.
As we have different accounts of what happened, we will start with the most popular one attributed to his childhood friend and neighbor Austin Gollaher.  On Rodger J Norton’s website: Abraham Lincoln Research Site he writes, “As a very young lad growing up in Kentucky, Abraham Lincoln often played with a boy in the neighborhood named Austin Gollaher. …Austin lived into his 90s and told how he played with Abraham near his father's carpentry shop, hunted raccoons with him, and had youthful adventures in the nearby woods.”  

Additionally, he mentions that Austin’s story took place in 1816 when Abe was seven quoting Austin, “I once saved Lincoln's life. We had been going to school together one year; but the next year we had no school, because there were so few scholars to attend, there being only about 20 in the school the year before.
Consequently, Abe and I had not much to do; but as we did not go to school and our mothers were strict with us, we did not get to see each other very often. One Sunday morning my mother waked me up early, saying she was going to see Mrs. Lincoln, and that I could go along. Glad of the chance, I was soon dressed and ready to go. After my mother and I got there Abe and I played all through the day.
While we were wandering up and down the little stream called Knob Creek Abe said: 'Right up there' - pointing to the east - 'we saw a covey of partridges yesterday. Let's go over and get some of them.' The stream was swollen and was too wide for us to jump across. Finally, we saw a narrow foot-log, and we concluded to try it. It was narrow, but Abe said, 'Let's coon it.'

I went first and reached the other side all right. Abe went about half-way across, when he got scared and began trembling. I hollered to him, 'Don't look down nor up nor sideways, but look right at me and hold on tight!' But he fell off into the creek, and, as the water was about seven or eight feet deep, and I could not swim, and neither could Abe, I knew it would do no good for me to go in after him.
So, I got a stick - a long water sprout - and held it out to him. He came up, grabbed with both hands, and I put the stick into his hands. He clung to it, and I pulled him out on the bank, almost dead. I got him by the arms and shook him well, and then rolled him on the ground, when the water poured out of his mouth.
He was all right very soon. We promised each other that we would never tell anybody about it, and never did for years. I never told anyone of it until after Lincoln was killed.”
From the Kentucky Historical Society’s website article Lincoln’s Playmate, Warren Greer writes, “So what did happen? Clearly, we cannot know for sure. Lincoln never mentions being rescued by Gollaher, who is himself the only source for this claim. Most scholars are skeptical, noting that Gollaher’s memory seems to have become more precise the older he grew.”

​Next, we examine the dueling accounts of Frank Leslie “Doug” Mitchell’s grandmothers Amanda Elizabeth “Eliza” Nottingham (interred in Martinez’s Alhambra Pioneer Cemetery) and Mary Head “Polly” Berry-Mitchell (interred in Antioch’s Oak View Memorial Park Cemetery).  From our research we discovered that both women came from family’s with deep southern roots.  After marriage, they both relocated to California prior to the Civil War and according to family members became devout vocal supporters of the Confederacy.
​Their main story is that in 1815, Eliza or Polly were accompanying Abe and his sister Sarah to their first day of school and needed to cross the swollen banks of Knob Creek.  After eventually coming upon a log crossing the creek, Sarah and their companion made it to the other side before Abe fell.  From there either Eliza or Polly pulled him from the swirling waters to safety.
From the February 12, 1943, Contra Costa Gazette an unknown author quotes J. P. Woods (Alhambra’s caretaker for 31 years) regarding Eliza, “It’s true alright. She saved Lincoln’s life when he was drowning. She was 10 and he was 6 as I heard it. In later years, she said that if she knew he would live to free the slaves, she’d have left him in the water.”
However, the author stated, “Efforts to verify the incident from members of the Nottingham family at Walnut Creek proved unsuccessful…”. They also found no citations of her rescue, or of her, included in the 1880 file of the Contra Costa Gazette, when she passed away at the age of 75. Nor did they find a reference to it in the April 25, 1865 edition dedicated to President Lincoln’s death.  According to the author the Gazette was the only paper published in this part of the county. They concluded the story unverified, passed down by old timers claiming to have heard it from Eliza’s own lips. ​
​From our own genealogical research, we found no proof that Eliza ever lived in Kentucky but was born March 24, 1805 in Virginia. Then in 1826 or 1828 she meets and marrys her husband in Missouri.  The 1860 Census lists her as illiterate, a widow, living only with her son Commodore and her daughter Louisa in Township 2, Contra Costa County.  The 1870 Census has her living with Commodore’s family in Township 2. The 1880 Census has her living with Louisa’s family in Pacheco, just prior to her death on September 12.

From February 12, 1967, Knave supplement, Oakland Tribune, Untold Tale: Lincoln Rescue Unfolds From Antioch Grave, an unknown author mentions that during their attempts to verify Eliza’s account they instead discovered Polly’s from Doug. When Doug was asked why he hadn’t told Polly’s story before he said, “It was talked about among the family but nobody else ever asked me. I guess nobody believed me.”  Doug also noted that Mrs. Mitchell was better known as “Aunt Polly” by her entire family whom never regarded his grandmother’s tale as an act of heroism but instead as an amusing incident.
​The author cited that Polly was born in Hodgenville, KY in 1801.  Her family and the Lincoln’s were neighbors and friends for many years and because Polly was 14 she was asked to walk Abe 6 and Sarah 8 that fateful day. Her great grandson Victor B. Chapman (Clayton’s Constable) stated, “the family’s genealogy is what stamps the truth on Aunt Polly’s story.”
Doug continued, “I wasn’t even born when she first told her story of the Knob Creek dunking with young Abe. It all came to light during the War between the States, according to my elders including Aunt Polly.  Polly, it seems, was extremely sympathetic to the cause of the Confederacy. The Mitchells were already residents of Contra Costa County living in the Alamo neighborhood at the time. Aunt Polly would go about singing the Jefferson Davis song and cheer the victories of the South.  
Her family’s scolding’s didn’t seem to cool her valor. “They will throw you in Jail if you don’t keep quiet”, her family warned. Aunt Polly responded, “I don’t care if they do. Ol’ Abe will get me out. I pulled him out of the creek once and saved his life. He’ll save me.” But I know she had great admiration for President Lincoln, even though she cheered the Confederacy. It was only natural, she having been so close to the Lincolns down in Kentucky.” 
​The author concluded by stating that Doug recalled his grandmother repeating the story on numerous occasions long after he was old enough to understand and his recollections and memories of her are quite vivid as she was a woman to be reckoned with even unto death. Lastly, the author mentioned that the family has several letters from President Lincoln to Polly that confirms their relationship.

In conclusion, the authors would like to acknowledge other sources were found that help confirm Polly’s story that could not be included in this article due to space limitation. 
​
Our column is sponsored and supported by the Martinez Cemetery Preservation Alliance (MCPA), the Martinez Historical Society (MHS) and the Contra Costa County Genealogical Society (CCCGS). For more information, please visit MCPA’s website MartinezCemetery.org, MHS’s website MartinezHistory.org, or CCCGS’s website CCCGS.net. Do you have a cemetery story or images to share? Please email us at martinezcemetery@gmail.com or call us at (925) 316-6069.

This brings us back to Don Galindo who (along with Don Juan Salvio Pacheco) founded the City of Concord.  He and his family were widely known for their community philanthropy and influence.  It wouldn’t be a stretch to assume that he or his family might have donated the land for the water feature, as they no longer needed their plots.
 
Now that we have tackled its possible origins we’re left to answer, what led to its ruination?  For that, we turn to the history of another epidemic “Glanders”.  Glanders (much like Covid-19) attacks the pulmonary system, can be passed via air born transmission and is very deadly if untreated.  Although mostly found in horses, it is known to spread to humans and other animals. Unlike Covid, (a virus) Glanders is a bacterium.
 
In 1908, the California State Veterinarian, Dr. Charles Keane, remarked that communal water troughs were the most dangerous way for Glanders to spread.  He claimed that any type of nasal discharge from infected horses while drinking could infect the entire trough and pass the disease on to other horses.  Once infected, a horse sneeze or snort could cause airborne transmission to other horses, animals and humans. 
 
Making the disease even more dangerous was its 100% mortality rate and an infected horse usually had atypical presentation showing no outward signs of the disease before it suddenly dropped dead.  Since there were no vaccines or cures available, unsuspecting people suffered a horrible death.  Only two things could be done; Horse troughs had to go dry, and horses tested with a biological product called mallein.  If the horse had an allergic response to the mallein test, it was destroyed. (Fortunately, there are a series of antibiotics available today that prevent such a grizzly outcome for both animals and humans.)  
 
In 1909, Dr. Charles Keane made a plea to city and county officials throughout the state to shut down all water troughs knowing that he would get blow back.  Business owners refused to let their troughs go dry, complaining it would ruin their livelihood if people could not water their horses in front of their establishment.  Women horse advocates of Los Angeles and San Diego did not like the idea of standing pipes instead of water troughs.  They felt the teamsters would be too lazy to draw water in their buckets or refill them, leaving their horses thirsty.  By August, Dr. Keane gave up on trying to get Southern California counties to do the right thing. 
 
In the Sacramento Bee on April 20, 1911, Dr. Keane states, "Systemic efforts have been adopted by this department to eradicate Glanders in the state.  During the past year over 800 head of horses and mules, which were affected with this disease, were destroyed. …"  However, by November Glanders was raging in Los Angeles with the loss of over 300 horses within weeks forcing County Veterinarian W. B. Rawland to finally recognize that valuable horse deaths were traced directly to public water troughs.  Therefor the County Board of Supervisors ordered all of them to be abolished.
 
By 1914, eradicating Glanders became a nation-wide movement resulting in the removal or destruction of hundreds if not thousands of water features around the country.  The resulting aftermath sped up the country’s transportation transition from horses to motorized vehicles.  Perhaps this is what happened to ours, although exactly when is unknown. 
​
During the epidemic there were some experts who believed that stagnant water allowed the disease to spread, while running water prevented its survival.  There is some anecdotal evidence to suggest they may have been right.  Buffalo kept their 200 fountains of flowing water and had no infections, while Cincinnati removed all of theirs and still had a major outbreak.  Although it no longer exists in N America, there are still numerous cases worldwide with the most recent major outbreak occurring in India.​

One final thought, should you visit the Alhambra Cemetery and pass by the old horse trough, now a flowerbox, give it a loving touch.  You won't catch glanders but now you will know why it might be a planter. 
 
Our Column is sponsored and supported by the Martinez Historical Society (MHS) and the Martinez Cemetery Preservation Alliance (MCPA). For more information, please visit the MCPA website MartinezCemetery.org or the MHS website MartinezHistory.org. Do you have a cemetery story or images to share? Please email us at martinezcemetery@gmail.com or call us at (925) 316-6069.